Ingufu zizaba ingufu nshya mumyaka 30 iri imbere

Imigendekere munganda nshya

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere no guteza imbere imiterere y’ingufu, inganda z’ingufu zisukuye, zidafite ingufu kandi zikora neza byabaye ubwumvikane.Amashanyarazi yingufu zingufu nshya yagabanutse cyane.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2009, ibiciro by'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba byagabanutseho 81%, naho ikiguzi cyo kubyara ingufu z'umuyaga ku butaka cyaragabanutseho 46%.Nk’uko EA (International Energy Agency) ibiteganya, mu 2050, 90% by'amashanyarazi ku isi azava mu masoko y'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, muri zo ingufu z'izuba n'umuyaga hamwe zigera kuri 70%.

Ku Nzira Zeru-Carbone Inzira, Ingufu Zisubirwamo Zizahinduka Inkomoko Yingufu

 

  Ikwirakwizwa ryinganda za Photovoltaque

Muri 2021, kohereza ibicuruzwa biva mu mafoto ku migabane itandukanye biziyongera ku buryo butandukanye.Isoko ry’iburayi ryiyongereye cyane, ryiyongereyeho 72% umwaka ushize.Mu 2021, Uburayi buzaba isoko nyamukuru yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, bingana na 39% byagaciro kwohereza hanze.Wafer ya silicon na selile byoherezwa muri Aziya.

PV Ibicuruzwa byohereza hanze muri 2021

Ku ya 13 Mata, ibiro bishinzwe amakuru mu Nama ya Leta yagiranye ikiganiro n’abanyamakuru ku bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’umwaka wa 2022. Li Kuiwen, umuvugizi w’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo akaba n’umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe ibarurishamibare n’isesengura, yavuze ko mu cya mbere gihembwe, igiteranyo cy’ibicuruzwa by’amahanga byinjira mu mahanga n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byari tiriyari 9.42, byiyongereyeho umwaka ku mwaka byiyongera 10.7%.Twabibutsa ko mu gihembwe cya mbere, igihugu cyanjye cyohereje ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi n’amashanyarazi kugera kuri tiriyari 3.05, byiyongereyeho 9.8%, bingana na 58.4% by’agaciro kwoherezwa mu mahanga, muri byo imirasire y'izuba yiyongereyeho 100.8% umwaka ushize- mwaka, urutonde rwa mbere mubyiciro bya mashini na mashanyarazi.

Ihungabana ry’ingufu ryihutisha icyifuzo cy’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu - Ku ya 8 Werurwe, Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubwigenge bw’ingufu hagamijwe kwihutisha iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku ngufu z’Uburusiya.Ubudage bwasabye byihutirwa guteza imbere intego y’ingufu zishobora kongerwa 100% kuva 2040 kugeza 2035 kugeza 2025. Ubushobozi bushya bwo gufotora amashanyarazi mu Burayi bwikubye hafi kabiri (49.7GW na 25.9GW).Ubudage bugumana umuvuduko wambere w’iterambere kandi biteganijwe ko ibihugu 12 byageze ku masoko yo ku rwego rwa GW (kuri ubu 7).

Isoko ry’amashanyarazi ku isi “ryihariwe” n’Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo.Ibicuruzwa bitatu byoherejwe na batiri byamashanyarazi bingana na 90% byisi yose.60% by'amafaranga.

1. Kubera kuzamura ikoranabuhanga, ibiciro bya bateri zibika ingufu ku isi byagiye bikomeza kugabanuka, kandi ubunini bw isoko bwakomeje kwiyongera.Biteganijwe ko isoko ryo kubika ingufu ku isi rizagera kuri miliyari 58 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu myaka 21.

2. Imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ziracyafite umwanya wambere, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyumugabane wisoko;bateri nshya yimodoka ifite ingufu zifite inzitizi nyinshi zo kwinjira kandi yihariye monopoliya n’ibihangange bitanga ingufu za batiri mu Bushinwa.

3. Ubushinwa bubika ingufu za batiri zoherezwa mu mahanga bikomeje kwiyongera, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bwa 50% mu myaka itatu ishize.Biteganijwe ko umuvuduko wogukwirakwiza ingufu za batiri kwisi yose uzaba hafi 10-15% mumyaka itanu iri imbere.

4. Ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa ahanini byinjira muri Koreya y'Epfo, Amerika, Ubudage, Viyetinamu nk'igihugu cya Aziya, na Hong Kong, Ubushinwa nka sitasiyo itwara abantu, kandi ibicuruzwa bitemba mu mpande zose z'isi.

Kugeza ubu, bateri z'igihugu cyanjye zoherezwa muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru no muri Aziya.Mu mwaka wa 2020, bateri y’igihugu cyanjye yohereza muri Amerika ingana na miliyari 3.211 z'amadolari ya Amerika, bingana na 14.78% by'ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa byose byoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi biracyari ahantu hanini cyane mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyanjye.Byongeye kandi, umubare wa bateri zoherejwe muri Hong Kong, Ubudage, Vietnam, Koreya yepfo n’Ubuyapani nawo urenga miliyari imwe y’amadolari y’Amerika, bingana na 10.37%, 8.06%, 7.34%, 7.09% na 4.77%.Igicuruzwa cyoherezwa mu mahanga cya batandatu ba mbere ahoherezwa mu mahanga cyageze kuri 52.43%.

 Ikigereranyo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri Batiri:

Bitewe nibyiza byo kwishyurwa byihuse / gusohora ingufu nyinshi / ingufu nyinshi / ubuzima burebure bwubuzima bwa bateri ya lithium-ion, ubwinshi bwohereza hanze ya bateri ya lithium-ion bugira uruhare runini.

Mu byoherezwa mu mahanga ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa muri batiri, kohereza imodoka z’amashanyarazi byari hejuru ya 51%, naho kohereza ibicuruzwa bibika ingufu n’ibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki by’abaguzi byari hafi 30%.

Kuzamura inganda kwisi yose hamwe nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bitera iterambere rya bateri.Bigereranijwe ko ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwamafoto azikuba kabiri kugeza kuri 300GW mumyaka itanu, kandi iterambere ryihuse ryamafoto yagabanijwe bizatuma ibyifuzo bya bateri zibika ingufu byiyongera.Mu myaka yashize, inyuma y’ibihugu bikomeye nk'Ubushinwa, Uburayi, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo, na Amerika biteza imbere cyane imodoka nshya z’ingufu ku isi, igurishwa rusange ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu ku isi ryagiye ryiyongera, n’amashanyarazi ibinyabiziga, ibinyabiziga bitinda nka forklifts, ibinyabiziga byubuhinzi, nibindi byateje imbere ingufu za bateri.surge.Bitewe no kuzamura ikoranabuhanga mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho, nibindi, porogaramu za batiri ziragenda ziyongera.

Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque:

Dukurikije ibiteganijwe mu kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu, mu 2022, ubushobozi buteganijwe gushyirwaho bw’amashanyarazi yatanzwe biziyongera ku gipimo cya 20% umwaka ushize, kandi iyongerekana ry’amashanyarazi ryikwirakwizwa rizikuba kabiri mu 2024. Ikwirakwizwa rya PV (amashanyarazi <5MW) izabarirwa hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyisoko rya PV yose, igera kuri 350GW.Muri byo, inganda n’ubucuruzi byagabanijwe bifotora byahindutse isoko nyamukuru, bingana na 75% yubushobozi bushya bwashyizweho mumyaka itanu iri imbere.Ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa sisitemu yo gufotora mu ngo biteganijwe ko izikuba kabiri kugeza kuri miliyoni 100 mu 2024.

Amakuru aturuka kumurongo mpuzamahanga uzwi cyane wo guhaha yerekana ko abaguzi bagura cyane cyane imiyoboro ihujwe na gride ihuza urugo hamwe ninganda nubucuruzi byubucuruzi bwamafoto yubucuruzi.Mu baguzi bashakisha ibicuruzwa bifotora, 50% byabaguzi bashakishije sisitemu yo gufotora, naho abarenga 70% ba GMV bakomoka kuri sisitemu ya Photovoltaque.Inyungu rusange yo kugurisha sisitemu ya Photovoltaque irarenze cyane iy'ibicuruzwa ku giti cye nka modul na inverter bigurishwa ukwe.Muri icyo gihe, ibisabwa kubishushanyo mbonera byabacuruzi, gufata ibyemezo, hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhuza amasoko nabyo biri hejuru.

Sisitemu ya Photovoltaque igabanijwe muburyo butatu: imiyoboro ihuza imiyoboro, imiyoboro ya interineti, hamwe na Hybrid.Amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi abika ingufu z'izuba muri bateri, hanyuma akayihindura mumashanyarazi 220v akoresheje inverter.Imiyoboro ya gride ihujwe na sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi bivuga guhuza imiyoboro.Imashanyarazi ihuza amashanyarazi ntifite ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi ikabihindura muri voltage isabwa na gride y'igihugu binyuze muri inverter, kandi igashyira imbere imikoreshereze y'urugo.Irashobora kugurishwa mubihugu.