Nyuma yimyaka hafi 20 akora cyane mubushinwa, inganda zamafoto yubushinwa zahindutse isoko rinini ku isi n’isoko ry’inganda n’inganda n’inganda n’inganda zifite akamaro mu ikoranabuhanga n’ubunini.“Photovoltaic” ni ijambo rimenyerewe kandi ritamenyerewe;nijambo ritangaje kandi ryiringiro.Igihe cyimpinduka zingufu zazanye ingufu zicyatsi murugo rwacu.Hindura ubuzima bwacu.
“Iterambere ry’ibihe hamwe n’ejo hazaza h’inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa mu 2022 ″ zashyizwe ahagaragara n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’amafoto mu Bushinwa ryerekana ko mu 2021, inganda z’amafoto y’igihugu cyanjye, umusaruro wa polysilicon uri ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu myaka 11 ikurikiranye;umusaruro wa Photovoltaic module iza kumwanya wambere kwisi mumyaka 15 ikurikiranye;Ubushobozi bwashyizwe kumwanya wa mbere kwisi mumyaka 9 ikurikiranye;ubushobozi bwo kwishyiriraho ubushobozi bwa Photovoltaics biza kumwanya wambere kwisi mumyaka 7 ikurikiranye.Uyu munsi, haba mu gihugu cyangwa mu mahanga, uko ibintu bimeze cyangwa ibiteganijwe, inganda zifotora ziratera imbere.
Ariko abantu bafite gushidikanya niba "inkoni nini yubucuruzi" mumyaka icumi ishize izasubiramo, niba izamuka ryibikoresho bya silikoni bizakomeza gushyira igitutu ku nganda, kandi nisosiyete ishobora kwihagararaho mumarushanwa akaze, nibindi, nibindi byose birashobora gukurwa mubikorwa byamafoto.Igisubizo kiboneka mubikorwa byiterambere.
Mu myaka ya za 70, ikibazo cya peteroli cyadutse, maze inganda zitanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zitanga amahirwe meza yo kwiteza imbere ku isi yose.Muri kiriya gihe, Amerika yari hegemon yinganda zifotora.Hifashishijwe politiki yo gukusanya ikoranabuhanga n’ikoranabuhanga, havutse imishinga myinshi yo ku rwego rw’isi ifotora amashanyarazi, kandi ibindi bihugu byateye imbere byakurikiranye kandi biteza imbere cyane inganda zifotora.
Mu Bushinwa, kubera inyungu nyinshi zo gukora amashanyarazi ya polycrystalline, amasosiyete menshi yabaye uruganda rukora amafoto y’amashanyarazi, ariko ubwo bushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro butangwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga, kandi ubushobozi bw’amafoto y’imbere mu gihugu buri hasi cyane.Mu 2000, IEA ku isi ingufu z’ingufu zahanuye ko mu 2020, Ubushinwa bwose bwashyizwemo amashanyarazi azaba munsi ya 0.1GW.
Nyamara, iterambere ryinganda zamafoto yubushinwa zirenze kure ibyo byari byitezwe.Ku ruhande rumwe, ubushakashatsi mu ikoranabuhanga n'iterambere byakomeje gutera intambwe.Igihugu cyagiye gikurikirana laboratoire n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi by’ikoranabuhanga mu buhanga, kandi bifatanya n’ishuri rizwi cyane mu gihugu gukora ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku bikoresho n’ibikoresho bitandukanye mu gihe cyo kubyara amashanyarazi.
Kurundi ruhande, igipimo cyibigo cyiyongereye.Mu 1998, Miao Liansheng, watumije ibice mu Buyapani kugira ngo akusanyirize hamwe amatara akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, yashishikajwe cyane n'inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba maze ashinga Baoding Yingli New Energy Co., Ltd., abaye sosiyete ya mbere y’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Mu 2001, ku nkunga ya Guverinoma y’Umujyi wa Wuxi, Shi Zhengrong wize munsi ya “se w’ingufu z’izuba” Porofeseri Martin Green, yagarutse avuye kwiga mu mahanga maze ashinga Wuxi Suntech Solar Power Co., Ltd., kuva icyo gihe yabaye isi. -igihangange kizwi cyane gifotora.Ahagana mu 2004, hamwe n’ishyirwaho rya “Porotokole ya Kyoto”, “Amategeko y’ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa” hamwe n’imishinga y'amategeko yavuguruwe, inganda z’amafoto y’isi yose zatangije icyorezo cyuzuye.
Amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa akoresha icyo kibazo kugirango ahagarare ku isi.Ukuboza 2005, Suntech ibaye ikigo cya mbere cyigenga mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa cyashyizwe ku isoko ry’imigabane rya New York.Muri Kamena 2007, Yingli yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’imigabane ya New York.Muri icyo gihe, amasosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa nka JA Solar, Zhejiang Yuhui, Jiangsu yo muri Kanada Solar, Changzhou Trina Solar, na Jiangsu Linyang bashyize ku rutonde mu mahanga neza.Amakuru yerekana ko mu 2007, umusaruro w’ingirabuzimafatizo zikomoka ku mirasire y’izuba ku isi wari MW 3,436, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 56%.Muri byo, umugabane w’isoko ry’abakora ibicuruzwa mu Buyapani wagabanutse kugera kuri 26%, naho isoko ry’abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa ryiyongera kugera kuri 35%.
Mu mwaka wa 2011, inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa zatangiye mu gihe kibi.Ikibazo cy’amafaranga ku isi cyibasiye isoko ry’amafoto y’iburayi, kandi Amerika yatangije iperereza “rirwanya kabiri” ku masosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa.Hatewe inkunga na politiki nyinshi, amasosiyete yifotora yongeye kuvumbura aho atuye ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu.
Kuva icyo gihe, hashize igihe kinini cy '"ubuhanga bwimbere" ku masosiyete y’amafoto y’Abashinwa.Kuva mu bikoresho bya silikoni, wafer ya silicon, selile kugeza kuri module, ibice byamasosiyete agezweho byagaragaye mubice bitandukanye, nka GCL, byacitse monopole yikoranabuhanga rya polysilicon.Itsinda, Itsinda rya LONGi, riteza imbere gusimbuza polysilicon na silicon ya monocrystalline, Itsinda rya Tongwei, rirenga mu mfuruka hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rya selile PERC, nibindi.Nubwo politiki y’inganda zifotora zavanyeho inkunga, inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa, zimaze kuba ku isonga mu nganda z’amafoto y’amashanyarazi ku isi, zahinduye vuba kandi zinjira mu cyiciro cy’iterambere zigana ku ntego ya “parite parite”.Mu myaka icumi ishize, igiciro cyo kubyara amashanyarazi cyaragabanutse.80% -90%.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ibibazo by "inkoni yubucuruzi" bitagira iherezo.Mu myaka yashize, Amerika, Ubuhinde ndetse n’ibindi bihugu byashyize mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugabanya ubucuruzi inshuro nyinshi mu rwego rwo kurinda inganda zabo bwite zifotora, nk’iperereza ry’Amerika 201, iperereza 301 n’iperereza ry’Ubuhinde rirwanya imyanda.Muri Werurwe uyu mwaka, ibitangazamakuru byo muri Amerika na byo byatangaje ko Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi yo muri Amerika izakora iperereza niba abakora ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y’izuba mu Bushinwa barenga ku giciro cy’izuba bakora ubucuruzi mu bihugu bine byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya.Niba iperereza ari impamo, Amerika izashyiraho imisoro ku mafoto y’amashanyarazi aturuka muri ibi bihugu bine byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya.ibiciro biri hejuru.
Mu gihe gito, bizagira ingaruka ku mikorere y’amasosiyete y’amafoto y’imbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane amasosiyete ajyanye nayo afite umubare munini w’amasoko yo hanze cyangwa kuzamuka byihuse.Kurugero, mumwaka wa 2021, amafaranga yinjira mumasoko yabanyamerika azaba miliyari 13 Yuan, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 47%, bingana na 16% byinjiza byose;isoko ry’ibihugu by’i Burayi rizaba miliyari 11.4 Yuan, umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 128%, bingana na 14% byinjira byose.Ariko uyumunsi inganda zamafoto yubushinwa ntabwo arizo zahoze.Uruganda rwigenga kandi rushobora kugenzurwa rwirinze ikibazo cy "ijosi ryiziritse" nka chip.Ikoranabuhanga nubunini bwubushakashatsi niterambere ndetse n’umusaruro bifite akarusho, kandi isoko rikenewe cyane mu kuzenguruka imbere naryo ni Inkunga ikomeye, guterana amagambo ku masoko yo hanze bishobora kubabaza ibigo bimwe na bimwe, igihe cyose ikoranabuhanga n’ibicuruzwa ari umwami, biragoye kunyeganyeza urufatiro.
Guhangana niterambere rihoraho ryinganda zifotora, abantu bacu bafite impano bakomeje kuzamuka murwego rwo hejuru.Turi abahanga muri sisitemu yo gufotora no gukora isuku no kuyitunganya, kandi tunamurikira inshuti ibihumbi n'ibihumbi baturutse impande zose z'isi.miriyoni ingo.Itanga kandi ingufu za fotovoltaque yicyatsi kubinshuti kwisi yose.Ubwenge bushobora kumurikira isi yicyatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2022